Perl provided many ways to state common operations and thereby allowed a programmer to adopt any convenient style. It was intended to have all the capabilities of earlier scripting languages. Perl was developed in the late 1980s, originally for use with the UNIX operating system.

Scripting languages are used for writing operating system utilities, for special-purpose file-manipulation programs, and, because they are easy to learn, sometimes for considerably larger programs. They are intended to solve relatively small programming problems that do not require the overhead of data declarations and other features needed to make large programs manageable. Scripting languages are sometimes called little languages. Functional languages, such as LISP, ML, and Haskell, are used as research tools in language development, in automated mathematical theorem provers, and in some commercial projects. A functional program is constructed by applying functions to arguments. PROLOG has been used extensively in natural language processing and other AI programs.įunctional languages have a mathematical style. A program is executed by an “inference engine” that answers a query by searching these relations systematically to make inferences that will answer a query. Such languages are similar to the SQL database language. Logic programming languages, of which PROLOG ( programming in logic) is the best known, state a program as a set of logical relations (e.g., a grandparent is the parent of a parent of someone). The two common kinds of declarative languages are logic and functional languages. In such languages there is less difference between the specification of a program and its implementation than in the procedural languages described so far. Declarative languagesĭeclarative languages, also called nonprocedural or very high level, are programming languages in which (ideally) a program specifies what is to be done rather than how to do it. Hack into this quiz and let some technology tally your score and reveal the contents to you.

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